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2. Input Data Menu: This menu allows the user to access relevant input data. |
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3. Slope Geometry: This dialog shows the type of geometry that ReSlope can analyze. Note that it includes a finite backslope, sloping toe, and surcharge loads acting over the crest. Reinforcement, however, is limited to only the section constituting the slope H. |
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4. Phreatic Surface: This dialog allows for input of the phreatic surface using three coordinates (the fourth coordinate is fixed at the toe). Water pressures can also be input using the porewater coefficient Ru. Invoking porewater pressure generates an effective stress analysis. |
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5. Soil Properties: The shear strength parameters as well as the unit weight of each of the three soils are input in this dialog. Although one can use cohesion, its long-term numerical value in manmade slopes is questionable and should be ignored. However, ReSlope allows the user to assess its effects in the context of a quick parametric study. |
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6. Design Parameters: The assumed inclination of the interwedge force in the two-part wedge analysis used in direct sliding, as well as interaction parameters and desired final layout of reinforcement, are input in this dialog. |
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7. Typical Help Screen: Upon clicking on the '?' in the upper right corner of the window (or by pressing F1 on the keyboard), relevant Help appears. The screen shot here is related to the previous dialog (Design Parameters). |
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8a. Seismic Parameters: ReSlope can perform pseudo-static analysis considering both horizontal and vertical 'acceleration' components. Note that when the seismic coefficients tend to be large, limit equilibrium solutions tend to render unreasonably conservative results. ReSlope allows the user to use FHWA recommended value for design: Kh(design)=Kh/2. |
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8b. Foundation Effects: The user can specify a minimum target Fs for Bishop's analysis, where only slip surfaces around the reinforced soil zone are considered. If the resulted layout by ReSlope does not satisfy the prescribed Fs, the reinforcement is lengthened until deepseated failure satisfies Bishop's prescribed value. This option should be used with care as ReSlope is intended for reinforced steep slopes over competent foundation. |
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9. Geosynthetic Design Data: ReSlope can optimize the spacing of reinforcement so as to utilize the most long-term strength of the reinforcement. It considers the maximum spacing allowed by the user (constructability), the minimum spacing (efficiency; typically thickness of a soil layer lift), and elevation of bottom layer (typically at the foundation interface). Note that in the manual run, up to 100 different layers of reinforcement can be specified; only in the optimizing mode the run is limited to a single reinforcement type. |
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10. Geosynthetic Design Parameters: This dialog allows for the input of reduction factors for creep, durability and construction damage (the older terminology for these reduction factors was 'factors of safety'.) It also allows for input of coverage ratio which indicates the plan view coverage of each layer (Rc = 1.0 means each layer is continuous; Rc < 1.0 means strip of reinforcement are used). |
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11. Factors of Safety: Through this dialog the user inputs the target factors of safety for which ReSlope calculates the corresponding layout of reinforcement. These factors include Fs on soil shear strength (same as used in conventional slope stability analysis), Fs on geosynthetic strength (which can be different than that for the soil), Fs on pullout resistance, and Fs on the translational failure. |
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12. Tabulated Results: After running ReSlope, the user can access the numeric results using the main menu. This dialog shows the submenu. Note that the results can be exported for further in-depth analysis using program ReSSA. |
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13. Summary of Tabulated Results: The user can see whether all specified safety factors were attained, the resulted length of each layer and the minimum required strength for rotational stability (i.e., efficiency in utilization of geosynthetic strength can be assessed). Note that by a click of a button, the user can print the table or export it to Excel. |
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14. Intermediate Results: This table shows the minimum required length of each reinforcement layer as well the required strength of the reinforcement to prevent rotational failure at each elevation. The required strength is the larger value of one needed for adequate global stability and the required value to avoid potential local overstressing ('tieback'; similar to MSE walls where lateral earth pressures are used). Table can be printed or exported to Excel. |
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15. Direct Sliding and Deepseated: The summary here shows the length of bottom layer required to resist direct sliding, the maximum length needed to resist rotational failure, and Fs using Bishop's analysis for potential failure around the reinforced soil zone, penetrating the foundation. Since ReSlope's analysis assumes competent foundation, Fs from Bishop analysis help in assessing this assumption and thus the validity of results. |
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16. Graphical Results: Upon running ReSlope, the user may select to view the designed layout. At a glance, the layout can be assessed for 'reasonableness.' Furthermore, overstressing of certain layers, which may happen if the parameters for design such as strength or spacing values are too small or large, respectively, can be viewed instantly. The designed layout can be saved as bitmap or a DXF (AutoCAD). |
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17. Prevailing Log Spiral Surfaces: Each button on the left side of this window corresponds to a reinforcement layer. Clicking on it will display the most critical slip surfaces emerging at this layer based on internal stability ('tieback') and outermost surface for compound failure. The inset in the upper left side displays basic numerical information. |
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18. Layout Needed to Resist Rotational Failure: This window can be accessed from the previous one. It shows the minimum required length to resist rotational failure considering compound and internal failure. Also shown are all the internal slip surfaces (top-down approach). The red tips are the lengths needed to resist pullout. Note that ReSlope assumes that the reinforcement can develop its strength at its front-end (i.e., at the face of the slope) thus eliminating the possibility of surficial instability). This can be achieved by the use of some facing (e.g., wrapped around, gabions, concrete panels, etc.). |
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19. Printout: Built-in report can be printed or previewed in ReSlope by clicking on the proper button in the toolbar. The user can select one of the following languages (see captured screen): English, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, or Swedish. |
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20. Input for Manual Run: Upon clicking on the manual run in Main Menu and after initial design was conducted for a single-type reinforcement, the user can add or delete layers, change elevation of layers, and specify the ultimate strength and the reduction factors for each reinforcement layer using a spreadsheet-like table. The computed layout then will correspond to this data. |
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21. Help: The Help document for the theory behind ReSlope can be accessed using the Help button. It is structured based on the Microsoft® standard help. |